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July 10, 2023
Farmers Onion Farming

Onion Farming in Kenya: Post Harvest Losses in Onion Production.


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Post-harvest losses in onion production can be a significant challenge in Kenya, as in many other countries. Several factors contribute to these losses. Here are some common causes of post-harvest losses in onion production in Kenya:

  • Improper Harvesting: Harvesting onions at the wrong stage of maturity or using inappropriate methods can lead to losses. Onions should be harvested when the foliage turns yellow and starts to fall over naturally. Improper handling during harvesting can cause mechanical damage to bulbs, making them susceptible to rot and decay.
  • Inadequate Curing: Curing is an essential step after harvesting onions. It involves drying the bulbs in a well-ventilated area to remove excess moisture and toughen the outer skins. Inadequate curing or improper storage conditions can result in high moisture content, leading to rot and sprouting.
  • Lack of Proper Storage Facilities:Onions should be kept at temperatures between 10-15°C and with relative humidity between 60-70%. This will help to preserve their freshness and quality, and to prevent them from rotting or sprouting. Another method of storage is grading and sorting the onions according to size, shape, and color.
  • Untimely application of nitrogenous fertilizer :Nitrogenous fertilizer should be applied from week 3 to week 4 after transplanting . Later application will lead to inferior bulb quality that is susceptible to rotting.
  • Pest and Disease Infestation: Onions are susceptible to pests and diseases both in the field and during storage. Common pests include onion thrips and onion maggots, while diseases such as downy mildew and onion white rot can cause significant losses. Lack of proper pest and disease management practices can result in reduced quality and quantity of onions.
  • Poor Packaging and Transportation: Improper packaging and transportation can lead to physical damage, bruising, and increased susceptibility to rot. Onions should be packed in appropriate containers that provide ventilation and protection. Rough handling during transportation can also result in losses.
  • Market Constraints: Inadequate market access, price fluctuations, and lack of proper storage and processing infrastructure can contribute to post-harvest losses. If farmers cannot sell their onions promptly or find suitable buyers, the quality and value of the produce may deteriorate.


To minimize post-harvest losses in onion production in Kenya, the following measures can be taken:

  • Harvest onions at the appropriate stage of maturity and handle them gently to avoid damage.Onions should be well cured in the farm before harvesting.
  • Implement proper curing techniques to remove excess moisture from the bulbs.
  • Invest in proper storage facilities with controlled temperature, humidity, and ventilation.
  • Implement integrated pest and disease management practices to minimize losses from infestations.
  • Improve packaging and transportation methods to protect onions during handling and transit.
  • Strengthen market linkages, explore value addition opportunities, and improve access to markets.
  • Promote farmer education and training on post-harvest handling practices.


We have done another blog illustrating how to avoid post harvest losses . Here is the link https://www.oniondoctor.co.ke/blog/post-3/


Onion Doctor supports small holder farmers across Africa with quality and affordable Onion and Garlic seedlings, Onion seedlings, Farm planning services, Soil testing, Drip irrigation installation and maintenance, Agronomic support, Onion and Garlic value pack, Farm management, E-extension and on-farm training for farmers to optimize on yields and get maximum profits.

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